Atelectasis

Atelectasis is the collapse of part or ( much less commonly ) all of a lung.

Atelectasis is caused by a blockage of the air passages ( bronchus or bronchioles ) or by pressure on the outside of the lung.

It is common after surgery, or in patients who were in the hospital.

Risk factors for developing atelectasis include :

1. Anesthesia
2. Foreign object in the airway ( most common in children )
3. Lung diseases
4. Mucus that plugs the airway
5. Pressure on the lung caused by a buildup of fluid between the ribs and the lungs ( called a pleural effusion )
6. Prolonged bed rest with few changes in position
7. Shallow breathing ( may be caused by painful breathing )
8. Tumors that block an airway

SYMPTOMS

1. Breathing difficulty
2. Chest pain
3. Cough

TREATMENT

The goal of treatment is to re-expand the collapsed lung tissue. If fluid is putting pressure on the lung, removing the fluid may allow the lung to expand.

The following are treatments for atelectasis :

1. Clap ( percussion ) on the chest to loosen mucus plugs in the airway
2. Perform deep breathing exercises ( with the help of incentive spirometry devices )
3. Remove or relieve any blockage by bronchoscopy or another procedure.
4. Tilt the person so the head is lower than the chest ( called postural drainage ). This allows mucus to drain more easily.
5. Treat a tumor or other condition, if there is one
6. Turn the person to lie on the healthy side, allowing the collapsed area of lung to re-expand
7. Use aerosolized respiratory treatments ( inhaled medications ) to open the airway
8. Use other devices that help increase positive pressure in the airways and clear fluids ( positive and expiratory pressure [ PEP ] devices )

PREVENTION

Measures to prevent atelectasis are related to the various causes. They include :

1. If you smoke, stop.
2. If you are obese, lose weight.
3. If you have a chronic lung or heart condition, follow your doctor's advice for managing the disease and limiting complications.
4. If you are pregnant, get prenatal care and follow your doctor's instructions.
5. Try not to inhale something solid. For example, chew your food well before swallowing.
6. After surgery, follow instructions for deep breathing, coughing, and turning. Ask for pain medication if discomfort is limiting movement or coughing.